Thyroid disorders

Thyroid disorders are conditions that affect the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland in front of the neck. The thyroid has an important role in regulating numerous metabolic processes throughout the body. Thyroid hormones are classified into three types, triiodothyronine hormone (T3), thyroxin hormone (T4) and calcitonin. Thyroid hormone secretion and regulation by the negative feedback mechanism of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Thyroid dysfunction is of two types:

·       over activity - hyperthyroidism and

·       under-activity - hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism: Hypo metabolic clinical state due to the reduced production of Thyroid hormones or may be due to the resistance of peripheral tissues to the effect of thyroid hormones.

Hyperthyroidism: When the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone. This condition is also called overactive thyroid. Hyperthyroidism speeds up the body's metabolism.

Symptoms of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

1. Tiredness
2. More sensitivity to cold
3. Constipation
4. Dry skin
5. Weight gain
6. Puffy face
7. Hoarse voice
8. Coarse hair and skin
9. Muscle weakness
10. Muscle aches, tenderness and stiffness
11. Menstrual cycles that are heavier than usual or irregular.
12. Thinning hair
13. Slowed heart rate, also called bradycardia
14. Depression

Hyperthyroidism

1. Nervousness, anxiety and irritability
2. Increased sensitivity to heat.
3. Changes in bowel patterns, especially more- frequent bowel movements
4. Warm, moist skin
5. Weight loss
6. Muscle weakness
7. Thinning skin, brittle hair
8. Fast heartbeat, a condition called tachycardia.
9. Changes in menstrual cycles.
10. Increased hunger.
11. Tremor
12. Sweating.
13. Tiredness.
14. sleep problems.

Management of Thyroid disorders

In Ayurveda, thyroid disorders are addressed by analysing the dosha and dushya involved. Hypothyroidism symptoms are linked to imbalances in kapha and vata, while hyperthyroidism symptoms are associated with pitta imbalance. Treatment strategies focus on identifying these imbalances and addressing them accordingly. Enhancing digestive fire is crucial in managing thyroid disorders. Integrating treatments for related conditions like obesity (Staulya), goitre (Galaganda), and oedema (Sopha) helps alleviate the underlying causes of thyroid diseases.

In Hypothyroidism (Vata-Kapha imbalance): Emphasize warm, cooked foods that are easy to digest. Include spices like ginger, black pepper, and turmeric to stimulate digestion and metabolism, consume moderate amounts of healthy fats like ghee and oils, avoid heavy, cold, and processed foods that can aggravate kapha.

Hyperthyroidism (Pitta imbalance): Use moderate amounts of healthy oils and avoid excessive spicy, sour, or salty foods, ensure meals are calming and not overly stimulating, avoid caffeine and alcohol.

Lifestyle Modifications: Engage in gentle, grounding exercises like yoga or walking. Practice relaxation techniques such as meditation or deep breathing to reduce stress, which can worsen thyroid imbalances. Maintain a regular sleep schedule to support hormonal balance and overall well-being.

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